Abattant : (Flap) Swivelling moving part of a secretary or an office, which one can raise or lower according to the use.

Acanthe : (Acanthus) Decorative reason imitating the sheet of the plant of the same name.

Accotoir : (Arm-rest) Supports for the arms laid out on the sides of a seat
allowing to put back the front armlever or “to lean themselves”, i.e. to rest.

Acheter : (To buy) By definition, the public sale is opened with all. Any private individual can buy. If an amateur does not see his bidding covered by a higher bidding, the object is allocated to him. The expenses with the load of the purchaser are fixed ata rate going from 9 to 20%, decreasing according to the bidding, in addition to the price of adjudication (more VAT on the expenses with 19,6%, except for the books which supports a rate of 5,5%). Within the framework of a sale by order of the court, the expenses with the load of the purchaser are 14,352%.

Adjudication : It is by the “allocated” word that the biddings are extinct and the property of the object transferred.

Affliquet : Small case which is used to maintain the needles of a knitting stopped to prevent that the meshs do not escape. The knitting-sheaths constituted of XVIIIè at the beginning of XXè century one of the gifts of engagement or present of love.

Aiguière : (Ewer) Water container made up of a foot, a paunch, a collar and a spout and often accompanied by a basin. Out of tin, out of copper, ceramics, noble metal to testify to the row of its owners, the ewer presents very varied forms. The ewer should not be confused with the hanap which comprises a lid.

Aile : (Wing) Horizontal edge of a dish or a plate.

Albâtre : (Alabaster) Sulphate hydrated calcium which is a variety of gypsum. It hardens with the air, is polished easily but raye not always with the nail. Alabaster often replaced the marble in the sculpture or decoration.

Albarello : High cylindrical vase, widened a little which presents under the pad of the collar a hollow making it possible to seize it and to fix a lid of parchment or paper.

Allonge : (Lengthen) Piece of wood intended to increase the horizontal surface of a table.

Allonge à l'italienne : (Lengthen with Italian) Places themselves at the ends of a table and slips under the top.

Amarante : (Amaranth) Very hard exotic wood of a colour drawing on the vinous red, very employed in cabinet work.

Amboine : Hard wood coming from Asia, used in marquetry in XVIIIè and XIXè centuries.

Aniline : This mineral dyeing used in cabinet work is a colourless liquid, of an unpleasant aromatic odor. It is one of the products resulting from the distillation of the coal tar. It is to the Lyons chemist Verguin that one owes the discovery of the colors derived from aniline. It made react the latter on anhydrous pink salt to obtain a red color crimson of a great tinctorial capacity. This product is called fuchsine. By making it react with other bodies (iodine, acid arsenic, nitrates…) one can obtain a very wide range of colors.

Antiphonaire : Deliver containing the liturgical songs of the catholic offices, with noted music, of format in folio.

Applique : (Wall light) Left candelabra to one or more branches which applies against a wall.

Aquatinte : Delicate process of engraving on metal aiming at developing the colours. The aquatinte can combine with the etching and the dry point.

Archeblanc : Medieval bench on file built on a trunk. Currents in XVè century and often decorated sculptures “in folds of towel”, the archebancs remain of use until the Rebirth.

Argentier : (Banker) Large dresser with two bodies intended to arrange and present the money crockery.

Aria : Name given to certain earthenware plates of Rouen of XVIIIè century, which present a made decoration of a range of notes of music.

Arronde : (assembly in tail of): Mode of assembly used to join together with right angles two parts of a piece of furniture or the frontage and sides of a drawer.

Aspersoir : (Rose) Small pyriforme resting on a basis and surmounted bottle of a long frayed nozzle, out of metal, ceramics or glass.

Aubier : (Sapwood) Part located between the heart of wood and the bark where the woody fabrics are not very compact.

Avance :(Advance) Before the sale, it is the possibility for a salesman of obtaining house of sales an advance on the product of the sale (unbounded of percentage of the price of adjudication).

Aventurine :Semiprecious stone used in jewellery. It is quartz an iridescent of multiple gold spangles, fascinating, according to the light, of the multiple colors.

Baldaquin : (Baldachin) Fabric on a framework horizontal and drawn up above a furnace bridge, a throne or a bed.

Bahut : (Sideboard) Heavy and massive storage unit. One distinguishes today the dresser with four doors (symmetrical) or the dresser with two bodies of which the higher part comprises two large doors.

Balustre : (Balustrade) Small pillar in the shape of posts.

Bancelle : Also called “bancquier” or “bench”, the bancelle one used in XVè and XVIè centuries is a small bench of which the two feet are formed simple vertical boards. Arm-rests are placed in the prolongation of these feet.

Bardelle : Bench on two arms on which the glassmaker rolls his cane so as to work a part.

Barbière : Piece of furniture of toilet for man whose pivoting plate form mirror and gives off the accessories necessary to be made the beard.

Barbotine : Pulp of argillaceous paste used out of ceramics, either to make adhere two pieces, or like decoration itself.

Bargueno : Spanish piece of furniture with two bodies derived from the trunk of bride, generally of times Rebirth and Baroque, are equivalent of the French cabinet. The higher part takes the shape of a trunk with side handles; the frontage opens by a flap or doors uncovering of the doors and the racks.

Basalte : (Basalt) Spanish piece of furniture with two bodies derived from the trunk of bride, generally of times Rebirth and Baroque, are equivalent of the French cabinet. The higher part takes the shape of a trunk with side handles; the frontage opens by a flap or doors uncovering of the doors and the racks.

Basane : (Sheepskin) Sheepskin prepared by vegetable tanning, used in binding. The sheepskin is employed skins used by the bookbinders.

Basse lisse  : (Low stringer) Tapestry woven on a trade whose plan of chain is horizontal.

Basse  : (Low) Bench on two arms on which the glassmaker rolls his cane so as to work a part.

Bec de corbin  : (Nozzle of corbin) Projecting moulding according to a hooked curve with the manner of a ripping iron.

Bélière  : (Suspension brace) Ring fixed at the section of a medal and allowing to carry it or attach it via a chain.

Bergère : (Shepherdess) Sit, broad armchair with stuffed file, with full cheeks, cuffs and bottom furnished with fabric, leather or cane-bottoming.

Bibus : Small storage unit made up of shelves and opened racks, appeared under the second Empire.

Bois d'épave : (Wood of wreck) See sanded wood

Bois de bout : (End grained timber) Timber sawn in a transverse way.

Bois de campêche  : (Wood of campêche) Used in decoction in ebullient water, it is about one of the vegetable colourings used in cabinet work. This wood does not colour with cold water with the difference of the wood of Brazil which in is strong close. The decoction of the wood of campêche is seldom used only. Its application on wood is to be recommended before a layer of chemical black, because it serves as corrosive with the black dyeing. One can find in the trade of the” extract of campêche”, whose employment is faster than that of the shavings.

Bois de santal  : (Sandalwood) The fibre of this wood provides a dye used in cabinet work. The sawdust mixed with alcohol provides a red color purplished.

Bois du Brésil  : (Wood of Brazil) This vegetable colouring used in cabinet work gives a beautiful color red-yellow, by decoction in ebullient water. If one wants to obtain a colour of a franker red, it is necessary to apply to a layer of hardly dry Brazil a light alum solution.

Bois cérusé  : (Cérusé wood) The cérusage of wood is a decoration by apparent filler. Contrary to what made originally, certain decorators had the idea to fill the pores of a hard matter and color definitely different from that of wood. The gasolines with large pores, like the oak, the ash, the elm, are particularly qualified for that and in condition, to enjoy a good effect, to seek wood on slabbing off-cut, and not on mesh.

Bois operculés  : (Wood operculés) See cérusé wood.

Bois sablé  : (Wood sanded) Wood sanded are an imitation of what some call the “wood of wreck”. It is a question in this case of corroding, to use by means of a violent one blast sand projected by the compressed air the tender parts of wood to leave prominent the hard parts. The maximum of effect is obtained with the oak, the ash and the fir tree where annual layers of the springs (most tender) and the annual layers of winter (hardest) are apparent. Only timber sawn can be treated thus, and it when the piece of furniture is finished, completely is assembled, that it is sanded.

Bois slipé  : (Wood slipé) See waxed with the wick.

Bois sur maille  : (Wood on mesh) See wood on district.

Bois sur quartier  : (Wood on district) They are wood in parallel output within the meaning of the medullary rays of the tree, i.e. those which are with horse on a line on the basis of the center of the tree and finishing under the bark. Wood on district are known as also “wood on meshs”, because the tangential cut of the medullary rays reveals those in their full development.

Bol d'Arménie  : (Bowl of Armenia) Red variety of blood stone deposited on the plate of a gilding on plate in order to make vibrate gold. The red bottom is indeed more specific to reveal the glare of gold than any other color.

Bonheur du jour :  Small office of lady comprising, in withdrawal on the plate, a step with open racks above small drawers.

Bonnetière :  Cupboard narrow with only one door comprising a rack with middle height, generally used to arrange caps.

Bordereau : Document in proof acting as invoice, given to the purchaser by the appraiser and on whom the characteristics of the object (description, time, dimensions) are reproduced, its references to the catalogue, the price of adjudication and the amount of the expenses. It represents the title of payment and property, useful for the later transactions, or a possible insurance of the object.

Bourgogne (à la)  : Says itself of a piece of furniture to transformations which, by the set of mechanisms ordered by a crank, reveal racks or inkstands.

Bout de pied : (Boils of foot) Small seat which is placed against the belt of an armchair, thus transforming it into long chair.

Brèche : (Breach) This word qualifies a marble where the veins draw round forms of mixed colors.

Brelan (Table de ) : (Table of Brelan) Count circular being used for the play of brelan and comprising in its center a round hole in which is adjusted a corbillon or crucible, compartmentalized in eight boxes intended to receive card decks.

Brocatelle d’Espagne : (Brocatelle of Spain) Marble with dominant wine colour strewn with clearer veins.

Buffet : (Dresser) Piece of furniture with two or four doors being used to arrange the crockery or to lock up the provisions.

Buffet de chasse : (Dresser of hunting) Piece of furniture out of wooden with stone top (marbles, limestones) being used to present heads of game at the exit of hunting. It is composed in frontage of two doors (to simple or double evolution) and of drawers (2 small side for the Ile dressers of France, and 2 large masks by the doors closed for the Lyons dressers). It is often large-sized compared to a low traditional dresser.

Bulletin : Given by the crier at the time of the adjudication, this small piece of paper numbered makes it possible, after payment, to take possession of your purchase. Take care not to lose it because the person who would find it could be made allot the object to which it corresponds.

Bureau - capucin : (Office - capuchin) Small table to write, also called “secretary with collapses”, comprising a paper holder in quadrant which rocks at will inside a box.

Cabinet : The first cabinets are portable and are posed on a table, being closed again by two casements on many racks and drawers where small invaluable objects were arranged. In XVIIè century, they are in scale, gilded leather or ebony.

Cabriolet : (Convertible) Sit of small size characterized by a curved file marrying the shape of the back and whose arm-rests have a furnished cuff.

Candélabre : (Candelabrum) Large candlestick with several branches named according to the form torch or flare.

Cannelure : (Groove) Deep moulding dug vertically with regular intervals on the foot of a piece of furniture or a seat.

Cantoniero : Dresser of Provence with round frontage and whose sides meet with right angle to be placed in the corner of a part.

Capiton : Formed trimming of stuffed bumps maintained by buttons laid out in rhombus.

Caquetoire : Type of seat of XVIè century, also called “chair with woman”, comprising a file low more or less carved and resting on former feet in posts.

Carat : Measuring unit of the invaluable stones weighing 0, 2052 G.
The carat represents, in addition, a pure gold twenty-fourth (of which the total weight is 24 carats).

Carreau : (Square) Leather or fabric cushion sometimes, furnished with feathers, sleeping bag or hair and being used as seats to the lords and to the courtiers at the time of the ceremonies.

Cartel : Trust: Mural clock directly fixed at the wall or range by a base itself fixed at the wall. The trusts directly fixed at the wall are “trusts of bracket”.

Catalogue : Work printed where are described, estimated and numbered in the order of vacation and are sometimes reproduced, pieces of furniture and objects constituting the sale. Certain catalogues are sometimes accompanied by a table of estimates. They constitute an essential guide to follow the sale. Some also exist in electronic version on Internet.

Cartibulum : Count of Roman origin with large rectangular plate resting on piétement transverse in volute, often carved leaned animals.

Cassolette : Left vase inspired of antiquity gréco-Roman being used to burn the perfumes.

Cassone : Case marriage of Italian origin of the Rebirth, corresponding to the modern “wedding presents”.

Cathèdre : Liturgical seat of the bishop in his cathedral made up of a full base and a high carved flat file and generally flanked pilasters.

Causeuse : (Love seat) Large shepherdess in two places, sitted rather low, appeared at the end of XVIIIè century.

Cave à liqueur : (Cellar with liquor) Small box of cabinet work containing a service of liquor glasses and bottles.

Ceinture : (Girdle) Together cross-pieces which connect between them the feet and the amounts (seats, armchairs, settees and tables).

Céladon : Name of a color active of the greenish grey to the green olive, applying by extension to a type of ceramics, produced in China, in Japan, in Korea and in the north of Thailand. This ceramics was very of accesses called Martabani (name of the Port of Martaban in Burma, from where it was exported) then starting from XVIIè century, Céladon, of the name of a shepherd of the novel of Astrée which related to scene of the ribbons of green color.

Cérusage : See cérusé wood.

Chancellerie : (Chancellery) Tapestry armoriée with the Weapons of France on a fleurdelized bottom, that the King offered to the chancellor at his entry in load.

Chanfrein : (Chamfer) Term of joinery indicating a cut intended to remove stops it sharp of a piece of wood.

Chantourné : (Jig-sawn) Term of joinery indicating the way of cutting wood in a succession of curves and counter-curves.

Châsse: (Mounting) With the Means-Äge, invaluable box intended to preserve relics, often in the shape of small ogival vault.

Chapelière : (Hatter) Piece of furniture of Provence with two doors surmounted of a broad and deep drawer allowing to arrange and hats.

Chauffeuse :  SSit low, comfortable with high file to sit down near fire.

Chétron : Small drawer of triangular form placed out of belt on the side of convenient or a console.

Cheveu : (Hair) Out of ceramics, fine crack which traverses the part and making him lose a certain value.

Chevrette : Large vase of pharmacy, with piédouche generally, provided with a neck, of a lengthened spout and whose handle is taken on both sides opening. The chevrette appeared in Europe in XVIè century, intended to receive syrups with the difference of the albarello which preserves dry products.

Chicorée : (Chicorey) The same decoction as that used for the mixture with the coffee is used for the colouring of the joinery wood. The dyeing with the chicorey communicates to the wood lights to which one applies it, a rather hot gilded colour. The decoction must be made at a rate of approximately 200 grams per liter of water with a half an hour cooking. This dyeing Marie well with that of the picric acid.

Chiffonnier : (Ragman) Small narrow and high piece of furniture with drawers superimposed appeared under Louis XV and intended to arrange the linen. It generally has a marble on the top.

Chute : (Fall) Downward bronze ornament of an amount or a foot of piece of furniture.

Clerc : (Clerk) Collaborator of the competent or legal appraiser, it can inform about the course of the sales, communicate the estimates and take the buying orders.

Ciré à la mèche : (Waxed with the wick) Or waxed matched. This process is a mixed technique very employed particularly on the pieces of furniture of oak clear or tinted, on the pieces of furniture often imitating the old one. The brilliance obtained is, indeed, rather sharp and comparable with that of the old woodworks patinated by time and polished by a prolonged maintenance. Wood is encaustiqué according to the ordinary manner, then after a few hours of drying, one applies over rather quickly, without making too much recoveries, a light layer of “varnish to be matched” by means of a cotton plug made match. One obtains a surface thus quickly having a sharp and durable glare. This waxed matched merges readily with the varnish matched which is absolutely similar, except the fact that the varnish passed on natural wood, i.e. not encaustiqué as a preliminary. The brilliance obtained in this case is sharper. Wood matched are called also wood slipés (see).

Ciré rempli : (Waxed filled) This technique is obtained by filling at the beginning of work the pores of wood with pounce, alcohol and a small quantity of varnish containing linseed oil, just like if one were to varnish wood with the plug. Twelve hours after the filling, the panel is sandpapered with a very fine sandpaper slightly coated spirits of turpentine, then the wiped and dried whole. One passes then a layer of polish, and after a few hours of drying, the brilliance is given with a wool rag.

Coffre : (Case) Generally low and lengthened storage unit, whose higher face is a mobile lid.

Colle de Budapest : (Glue of Budapest) Another name of the glue of bone or the glue of skins and nerves.

Colle de Cologne : (Glue of Cologne) Another name of the glue of bone or the glue of skins and nerves.

Colle de Givet : (Glue of Givet) Another name of the glue of bone or the glue of skins and nerves.

Colle de peaux de lapin :  (Stick rabbit skins) See Totin adhesive

Colle de poisson : (Fish glue) The fish glues whose type is the ichtyocolle, prepared with the swim bladders of sturgeons are a variety of animal adhesive, employed in cabinet work, in particular in the adhesion of metal platings. Their adhesive strength of great quality, is combined with a great flexibility. Their employment is easier than the glues, since they are used cold (although it is thought that Andre-Charles Boulle could use them tepid). Their principal disadvantages are their cost to raise like their often unpleasant odor.

Colle de Totin : (Stick of Totin) Obtained starting from rabbit skins, it is also called adhesive of vermiculation, because these last are torn before their treatment in thin straps which makes them resemble vermiculation. Without value for the cabinet work, it is used very fortunately to the painters, to lacquerers and to gilders on wood.

Colle Ecossaise : (Scottish adhesive) Another name of the glue of bone or the glue of skins and nerves.

Colle forte d'os : (Glue of bone) It is about one of the glues (with that of skin and nerves), also called animal adhesive, and which is an impure gelatine. As its name indicates it, it is extracted from the bones. It can be delivered in plates, square or rectangular, either out of powder, grains, or pearls. These last presentations are certainly of an easier use, but they have the disadvantage of removing with the purchaser faculty to appreciate with the eye, with the sound and the touch, the quality of the goods. The adhesive strength of the glues results owing to the fact that those, liquified in the presence of water with 50 or 60 ° C are caught initially by cooling in a gel which is solidified rather quickly by evaporation of water that it contains. Its sirupeuse and colloidal consistency makes it penetrate easily in the pores of wood where it clings. The temperature to be observed with very important, and a too important cooking degrade the glue quickly whatever its starting quality.

Colle forte de peaux et de nerfs : (Glue of skins and nerves) It is about one of the glues (with that of bone), also called animal adhesive, and which is an impure gelatine. It is more flexible than the adhesive of bone. It is extracted from the ox, horse hides, sheep and of nerves. It can be delivered in plates, square or rectangular, either out of powder, grains, or pearls. These last presentations are certainly of an easier use, but they have the disadvantage of removing with the purchaser faculty to appreciate with the eye, with the sound and the touch, the quality of the goods. The adhesive strength of the glues results owing to the fact that those, liquified in the presence of water with 50 or 60 ° C are caught initially by cooling in a gel which is solidified rather quickly by evaporation of water that it contains. Its sirupeuse and colloidal consistency makes it penetrate easily in the pores of wood where it clings. The temperature to be observed with very important, and a too important cooking degrade the glue quickly whatever its starting quality.

Coiffeuse : (Hairdresser) Piece of furniture appeared under Regency with the feminization of furniture. It is about a practical piece of furniture intended for the toilet and the arrangement of the related ustensils. It is appeared as a small office equipped with a central drawer and factitious frontages of drawers side (generally they are twice two side drawers to have a good depth).

Commissionnaire : (Commission agent) Man of handling and transport with Drouot. Recognizable with their uniform (black jacket, collar with red edging carrying a number), the commission agents or “Savoyard” install the objects for the exposures, present them during the sale and ensure, on order, transport in residence.

Confident : (Confidant) Sit of living room built on a S-shaped frame so that two sitted people can speak each other with the ear.

Confiturier : Small low cupboard with a door, appeared in XVIIè century and that one meets especially in the south-west of France.

Console : (Comfort) It is appeared as a table, or “table-console” of which the feet postpones, in volute, rise up to the level of the plate, which takes support against a wall to ensure the unit a greater stability.

Corniche : (Cornice) Projecting moulding of naked crowning the top of a piece of furniture higher than the eyes.

Crédence : (Credence) Name given in Guyenne and Gascogne to the low dresser to doors decorated with rhombuses or diamond points.

Crieur : (Crier) He circulates during the sale among the public and, as its name indicates it, announces the biddings carried and gives the bulletins. (or small piece of paper)

Cupboard : English piece of furniture created in XVè century, being composed of a bottom of dresser assembled on feet bulbous and being able to be surmounted by a small rack with open-type screen or casements.

Dagobert : Sit folding stool with piétement in X evoking the throne of King Dagobert. This seat, out of bronze, iron or wood, is connected with the curule armchair of the Roman magistrates. One also finds it under the name of Savonarole.

Davenport : Small office English desk with side drawers, of Victorienne time.

Desserte : (Service road) Term appeared in XIXè century to indicate a piece of furniture of dining room with superimposed shelves, intended to pose the dishes withdrawn of the table during a service.

Dormant : (Sleeping) Vertical upright located between the two doors of a cupboard or a dresser. The “false door frame” forms integral part of one of the doors.

Dorure à la mixtion  : (Gilding with compounding) The process “with compounding” is much easier of implementation than that “with water on plate” (see gilding on plate). It consists in applying to wood (or any other support) more or less finely prepared, with a brush, a compounding to be gilded. It is about a mixture containing linseed oil cooked, slightly charged gums some and made more or less siccative by the addition of a metal salt or simply of varnished “sticks of gold”. This last pure employee would have the disadvantage of drying too quickly. Compounding being applied, it acts to wait the moment or according to the technical term it is “in love”. It is the point which precedes by little the drying of compounding. At this moment, it is let well cover by the gold sheet without risk to wrinkle it and makes it perfectly adhere to the surface of the worked object. This method with compounding lends itself very well and in the same way to the application of powder bronzes. In this case, it is with a rabbit leg that bronze is posed in excess on compounding in love. Gildings should not be varnished, because one would make them fade their more beautiful.

Dorure sur assiette  : (Gilding on plate) It is about gilding to the sheet which is a true metallization of wood. Wood having to receive such a process is particularly prepared, as if it were to be enamelled. It is generally about lime, particularly soft, and without apparent pores. Surface being quite dry, one applies initially the plate, which, as its name indicates it will be used to sit gold. The composition of this plate varies according to workshops', but it is always of composition appreciably made up of bowl of Arménie (red variety of blood stone), of black lead, grease of sheep or olive oil. This composition which must be of an extreme smoothness, is used to constitute, under the gold sheet, a hard and smooth bottom on which one will be able to rub to polish gold, without fear of érailler the metal sheeting which is excessively thin. It is on this plate, suitably applied and polished, that one poses the gold sheets by mere intermediary of the pure and cold water, which will open the pores of the plate sufficiently to make him grab the gold sheet. Richest gildings are made according to this process called “to water on plate”.

Dosse : (Slabbing off-cut) Board that one removes the first or the last in the sawing of the trees, and which preserves its bark.

Dossier à la reine : (File with the queen) Right file (called like that because one found this kind of file on the inventory of the pieces of furniture of the queen Marie Lepsinsky).

Doucine : (Moulding plane) Sinuous profile of certain parts of pieces of furniture, composed of a principal curve being connected at its ends with two small counter-curves. This form is particularly characteristic of the secretaries and convenient of Louis-Philippe style.

Dressoir : Piece of furniture of pageantry, also called credence or dresser in XVIIè century, the metal plaque indicated the richness of the Master of the home which gave a reception. It comprises an entablature on consoles, surmounted racks, but has neither doors nor drawers.

Droit de préemption : (Right of pre-emption) Right granted to the State, by the law of December 21, 1921, to acquire, via its national museums, an object on sale public in substituent with the last encherissor. Intervening once the pronounced adjudication, the right of pre-emption is exerted on proposal of the ministry for the Culture, on behalf of the national museums.

Duchesse : (Duchess) Long chair with full cheeks, round and curved file. Under the name of “broken duchess”, this chair can be divided into two or three parts.

Ebène : (Ebony) Name given to the wood of the ebony tree, already used in Antiquity for its hardness and its color of an intense black. The use of ebony in very thin sheets, allowing platings and plays of marquetry, gave its name to the corporation of the “cabinetmakers”.

Ecran : (Screen) Small piece of furniture, called in the beginning (in XIVè century) “screen with fire”, intended to protect itself from the too sharp heat of the large chimneys from formerly.

Eglomisé : Left fixed under glass at the sheet raised gold of varnished black.

Entretoise : (Brace) Part reinforcing piétement seat. One generally finds spacers in the shape of X or the form of H.

Encoignure : (Corner) Small triangular piece of furniture opening by or two doors which one places in an angle of a part.

Encaustique à l'essence :  (Polish with the gasoline) The polish is a mixture of spirits and beeswax of pure and fresh turpentine. The beeswax can be replaced by ozokerite.

Enchères : (Auction) Offer of a sum higher than the setting at price or the preceding offers, during an adjudication.

Enfilade : (Row) Dresser low and lengthened to three, four or five doors. The central part comprises sometimes several superimposed drawers.

Entrée de serrure : (Entry of lock) More or less lengthened, more or less sinuous and sometimes openwork metal part, which applies to the opening of a lock.

Epoque consulat : (Time consulate) Mode resulting from the coup d'etat of 18 and 19 Brumaire Year VIII (November 9, 1799) and which ended on May 18, 1804, when the first Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte, was made proclaim Empereur.

Epoque directoire : (Time directory) Mode which controlled France of 1795 to 1799 and made place with the Consulate.

Epoque régence : (Time regency) It is about the Regency of Philippe of Orleans during the minority of the young person Louis XV (1715-1723).

Epoque restauration : (Time restoration) Political régime of France from May 1814 to July 1830, controlled by Louis XVIII, elder brother of the king Louis XVI.

Espagnolette : (Catch) This gilded and engraved bronze reason, appearing the emerging bust of a woman of a broad flange, appeared under Regency, inspired by a drawing of Watteau.

Estampille : (Stamp) mark what affixes the carpenters cabinetmakers on the pieces of furniture of their creation.

Estimation : (Estimate) Evaluation of a work, given by an expert or an appraiser.

Etude : (Study) Office of the appraiser legal, alone ability to direct the sales by order of the court, i.e. prescribed by the law or a decision of court.

Expert : The expertise of a good consists to identify it to evaluate it. In the majority of the auction sales, the appraiser is made assist one or more experts, recognized in their field, who carry out research necessary to the qualification of the object.

Expositions : (Exhibition) The exhibition of the objects put on sale generally take place the vacation day before, between 11 a.m. and 18 H, and the morning of the sale, between 11 a.m. and 12 H, hours during which you will be able to handle the objects.

Fauteuil à oreilles : (Armchair with ears) Sit the top of the file comprises ears to put back the head.

Fauteuil crapaud : (Squat armchair) Sit widened and low entirely furnished.

Fauteuil Voltaire : (Voltaire Armchair) large comfortable armchair with high tilted file. The arm-rests broad and are stuffed, facilitating the home position. One is unaware of the reason of his name. It is probably due to a representation of Voltaire in the years 1820, where the philosophical writer appeared faint in a high armchair medallion with file out of apparent natural wooden .

Ferrure : (Fitting) Term of iron work which indicates all the articles of ironwork for buildings and those which are used to shoe joineries (bolts, locks, casement bolts, catches).

Feuille d’eau : (Break into leaf of water) Decorative reason evoking a little sheets of reed, which one finds "out of bracket".

Fleuron : (Floret) Small isolated decorative reason, in the shape of stylized flower.

Flipeau ou Flipot : (Flipeau or Strengthening piece) Small piece of wood cut to measure to stop a too broad groove or a slit in a piece of furniture disjoins.

Folle enchère : (Irresponsible bid) It can happen that a encherissor lets himself involve to carry a bidding which he is in the incapacity to honour. It is said that there is then "irresponsible bid". The object will be given on sale, but if it does not reach the price of the preceding adjudication. In this precise case the encherissor will have to regulate the difference.

Frisage : Technic of marquetry consisting in placing the invaluable wood sheets so that the networks of veins of wood are reversed. These sets of veins, very learnedly opposed by the cabinetmakers produce remarkable optical effects.

Frétel : Catch of a lid of a pipe fitting.

Fronton : (Pediment) Often triangular ornament which caps the frontage of certain pieces of furniture, such as cupboards, dressers or libraries

Fustier : Into of Provence, carpenter who is also a sculptor. It is to the fustiers that one owes the cupboards, the convenient ones, the bread baskets and the kneaders so richly carved.

Gaine : (Sheath) Square pedestal whose base is narrower than the higher platform.

Galerie : (Gallery) Ornament being used to crown the top of a piece of furniture. The majority are out of cut out copper or gilded bronze marrying the contour of a marble plate.

Garance : This vegetable principle colouring used in cabinet work is extracted from the root of the plant. It is very much used as tinctorial product. It is called "alizarin", name which one gives sometimes directly to the root of garance. In cabinet work, one uses the garance powders some, and one makes it infuse in hot water. For making the application of it on wood, it is necessary to proceed to the operation chromate finishing by diluting an alum solution.

Garantie : (Guarantee) The purchasers profit from ten years a legal guarantee as for the authenticity of the acquired object, such as it is described with the official report, in the catalogue and on the form.

Garniture de cheminée : (Mantelpiece ornament) Together decorative objects which one lays out on the top of a chimney. In XIXè century, it generally includes/understands a clock and a pair of candelabra.

Gate Leg Table : English table with extensions with two plates, of which one can place itself under the other, involving with him the piétement mobile one which supports it.

Gigogne : (Multi-stage) Indicating term of the pieces of furniture which have the characteristic to line up by encasing one in another.

Girandole : One gave this name to the candlesticks with several branches and furnished with pendeloques with crystal.

Gondole : Expression which characterizes the curved file of certain seats of the times Restauration, Charles X and Louis-Philippe.

Grecque : (Greek) Formed decorative reason for horizontal and vertical, broken lines with right angle and drawing portions of squares or rectangles.

Gris Trianon : (Trianon Gray) Expression indicating a painting of the pieces of furniture, whose color goes from the broken white to the pale gray.

Guéridon :  (Pedestal table) Round, sometimes oval table with piétement central.

Homme debout : (Man upright) Narrow cupboard with two doors superimposed and separated by a drawer.

Jurande : Disciplinary room of the corporation of the carpenter-cabinetmakers charged to control the quality of manufacture of the pieces of furniture and seats . It is the jurande which grants to the craftsmen become Masters the right to strike a stamp with their name, accompanied at the time of controls of three abbreviatory letters "JME" (Jurande of the Carpenters Cabinetmakers).

Lambris : (Skirting) Wall lining of decorative nature out of wood, stucco or marble. The skirtings are consisted panels and ornaments which cover all the part other than the floor.

Lampe bouillotte : (Lamp hot-water bottle) Lamp comprising a circular lamp-shade out of painted sheet that one placed on the crucible (see the definition in the glossary) in the center of a table of brelan or on the stopper of a table "hot-water bottle" (see the definition in the glossary) which gave him its name.

Landier : Left large-sized fire-dog, measuring between 0,70 m and 2,00 m in height. The landiers were initially out of clay, then out of bronze, iron and copper.

Laque : (Enamel) Name given to objects extremely different covered from a brilliance varnished in the composition of which enter of the resins. Undoubtedly coming from China, the art of the lacquer was imported in Japan, which led it to its higher point of perfection.

Lit clos : (Reads closed) Principal part of Breton furnishing, the closed bed, supported against the walls, is decorated small spindles.

Lutrin : (Lectern) Desk of reading gone up on a vertical pivot. Intended to receive large books of churches, it often has the shape of an eagle to the spread wings being used as support with the open books.

Macassar : Exotic wood coming from the Island of Célèbes, which has same qualities as ebony. Contrary to ebony, this invaluable wood is largely veined scratches orange red or dark yellow drawing on the red.

Madrure : Together veinings of wood.

Maie : Country piece of furniture used for the conservation of the flour and the manufacture of the bread. Appeared as of XVe century, it was in the beginning made up of a rectangular box supported by four feet or being contingent on a structure with drawers or casements. The higher body was equipped with a mobile plate with hinges, intended to be used as scheme of work

Manchettes : (Cuffs) Trimmings of the part of the arm-rests of the seats, armchairs or settees where the front armlevers rest.

Marqueterie : (Marquetry) Decorative process employee in cabinet work to carry out compositions with pieces of wood of various colors juxtaposed on a frame. Marquetry is a technique of assembly flat, with the way of a puzzle.

Marquise : (Marchioness) Very broad and very comfortable shepherdess in whom one can easily hold to two.

Mascaron : Decorative ornament in shape of the human, animal or grotesque face that one frequently sees in the medium of a cornice of cupboard, with the belt of a table, of the XVI in XVIIIè century.

Medaillier : Piece of furniture intended for the classification and the conservation of the collections of currencies and medals. At the beginning in the shape of compartmentalized trunks then cabinet, they became starting from XVIIIè century of true cupboards or dressers low. .

Méridienne :  (Meridian) Reads rest with two bedsides unequal height joined together by a file.

Merisier : (Wild cherry tree) Wild variety of cherry tree whose wood, of fair color, is likely of a beautiful patina.

Meublants : (Furnishing) In XVIIIè century, seats (chairs and armchairs) placed along the wall and that one opposed to the "current seats" that one moved towards the center of the part according to needs'.

Meubles de port : (Pieces of furniture of port) Expression indicating the sawn timber pieces of furniture (mahogany tree, amaranth, purple wood, lemon tree) manufactured of the end of XVIIè at the beginning of XIXè century in the ports of the Atlantic littoral, Bordeaux in Boulogne.

Mise à prix : (Setting at price) Starting point of the biddings freely fixed by the auctioneer or L ` expert according to the type of the sale, which, in general, is approximately at half of the estimate.

Montant : (Amount) Part laid out vertically in a frame.

Œil de bœuf : (Eye of ox) Mural clock whose case is of round or oval form.

Oratoire : (Oratory) Small piece of furniture of prayer made up of a base where one kneels and of an overcome vertical part of a balustrade.

Ordre d'achat : (Buying order) A customer interested by an object appearing in a sale to which it will not be able to assist can leave in writing a buying order to the appraiser, or the one of his collaborators, by fixing a maximum bidding. These orders are carried out gracefully .

Ormoulu : (Or ground) Or pure, reduced powders some, that one amalgamates with mercury to carry out the gilding of the bronzes gilded in XVIIIè century.

Orseille : (Orchil) This species of alive lichen on the rock coasts of the Mediterranean has a colouring principle called orséine used in cabinet work. It dissolves easily in hot water and cold alcohol, by giving a red color Bordeaux wine. One can revive the color while adding to it of the vinegar.

Ottomane :  (Othoman) Oval settee of plan whose file is prolonged by enveloping cheeks.

Ove : Formed decorative reason for?ufs truncated following one another and separated by spearheads or water sheets. It was often used in the decorative vocabulary of XVIIIè century on the pieces of furniture, marquetries, bronzes and goldsmithery.

Paiement : (Payment) It is done on presentation of the bulletin, the cash, in species (with a ceiling of 3000 euros), by cheque and sometimes by bank card. In the case of a payment by cheque, if the purchaser is not known of the appraiser or the expert, the object can be possibly delivered only after cashing.

Palmette : Reason for ornamentation made up of small stylized palms placed symmetrically on both sides of a needle stem. The Empire will do of it one of its reasons for predilection.

Pan coupé : (Cut side) Expression which indicates the "cut down" angle, where the edge recut with the angles of convenient or a secretary softens and reduces the general lines.

Panetière : (Bread basket) Small cupboard of Provence with broad turned bars, hung with the wall or posed on the kneader, to preserve the bread. The bread basket is surmounted plumes called also bobèches; it is furnished with a large lock and its central door swivels on a metal card of a strong diameter. Most current are the bread baskets of Fourques, recognizable with their reasons carved out of snail.

Paphose : Settee appeared at the end of XVIIIè century. Its right file is used as support on each side with arm-rests located at the balance of the former feet.      
    

Paravent : (Folding screen) Piece of furniture derived from ôtevent, appeared at the end of XVIè century, it is composed of several sheets joined together by hinges and is used to preserve draughts in the apartments.

Pareclose : Term which indicates in joinery, the whole of the cross-pieces framing a wood panel. One speaks in particular about ices with parecloses in XVIIIè century.

Pembroke table : English table rise on rouletttes, whose plate, generally oval, comprises hinges which make it possible to fold back the ends of them. One allots to the countess of Pembroke (1737-1831) the first ordering of this kind of auxiliary table, which, folded up in a corner of the living room, can be transformed into table with lunching.

Pendeloque : Crystal rock crystal plate or of round or losangée form, cut out of diamond, suspended on the glosses to form garlands or falls.

Perroquet : (Parrot) Kind of folding stool used in XVIIè century, which, by opening form a seat with file furnished with straps in strong fabric or leather. It was used like sits auxiliary in the banquets or at the armies in shift.

Pilastre : (Pilaster) Column leaned, with square support, slightly projecting on a piece of furniture and balancing the frontage of convenient, a window...

Placage : (Plating) Technique of cabinet work which consists in plating with the glue an invaluable wood sheet on the frame of a piece of furniture.

Placage au carton  : (Plating with the paperboard) The sets of platings made up of gasolines thicknesses and different hardnesses are plated "with the paperboard". Work consists in interposing, at the moment when one puts out of press, between plating and the hot hold, a sheet of a paperboard rather hard, 1 to 3 mm of thickness, preferably a paperboard Bristol-board, and by intercalating a newsprint sheet which avoids the joining of this last.
This one plays a part of shock absorber of pressure, by absorbing the irregularities of texture and thickness and without obliging the hard or thick parts, under the powerful action of the presses to be returned in laminates, compressing this one by places, even if it means to see it taking again its primitive volume at the time of the completion, when one humidifies wood by varnish or wax.

Placage au sable : (Plating with sand) To plate a bent panel, it is necessary, if the contour is simple, to prepare against-fixes made wood rods fixed on cross-pieces cut out themselves according to the contour to reproduce. If the contour is with S curve, i.e. corpulent as on the pieces of furniture Louis XV, it is necessary to plate with the sand bag. The method consists in preparing a kind of mattress makes of coarse linen larger of 20 cm in each direction than the panel and likely to be filled incompletely with fine sand. Work being prepared as for a plane surface, one makes strongly heat in a pot sand beforehand dried and filtered, then one quickly filled the bag with fabric which one closes the opening by folding up the edges and by immobilizing them by pins. The mattress thus made is posed on plating to stick. The external surface of the bag is regularized by tapotements which make run sand in the hollows. One covers with a hold with wood planes and one puts out of press. Sand, by its mobility, and places it it has makes it possible the bag to marry the bent form, and the heat which it preserves long enough allows the recasting of the adhesive and a good plate after tightening.

Placet : (Claim) Small rectangular stool resting on right feet, in baluster, console or bones of sheep, joined together by by a spacer out of H often carved.

Ployant : (Bending) Stool folding or fixes appeared at XVIIIè century, which is characterized by two feet crossed in X (with the manner of a folding stool) joined together in their medium by an axis and supporting a seat furnished with a cushion.

Ponteuse : Chair where one assied astride for accouder on the top of the file, furnished with a long lid case containing the tokens and the parts.

Porphyre : (Porphyry) Igneous rock, generally of a dark purplished red strewn with white points. It is a stone extremely hard and difficult to work, taking with polishing a superb glare.

Postes : (Stations) Decorative reason resulting from Antiquity gréco-Roman, composed of rollings up in volutes dependent in way continuous (synonymous with "floods").

Pouf : Round and upholstered stool of which the feet are often hidden by fringes. This seat is typical living rooms of the second Empire.

Prix de réserve : (Price of reserve) Agreed confidential minimum between the salesman and the appraiser, below which the object will not be allocated. Since the law of July 10, 2000, it cannot be higher than the low fork of the estimate appearing in the catalogue.

Psyché : Large mirror crimped within an oval or rectangular framework assembled on a pivot, allowing to look at head with the feet. Appeared under Louis XVI, psychés were very à.la.mode under the Empire and the restoration.

Putti : Italian term indicating of the naked small children and chubby-checked fellows (putto in the singular).

Quercitron : It is a dye which makes it possible to obtain colours very varied on wood, according to whether it is put in contact with certain reagents or others. The quercitron comes from North America. It is the bark of a very abundant oak in these regions. The decoction of its powder in hot water is red orange. Treated by an alkali (soda or potash) and by alum, the color is cleared up to become yellow. Treated by iron salts, the colour becomes green. Treated by alum and the ferrous sulphate, a color green-olive is obtained. The decoction must be prepared little before its employment.

Rachat : (Repurchase) When an object does not reach the price of reserve fixed by the salesman in agreement with the appraiser, the transaction does not take place and the object returns to its owner.
The expenses known as of repurchase, to the load of the salesman, correspond traditionally to 3 % of the amount of the closing bid.

Racine d'orcanette : (Root of orcanette) Its colouring principle, which one calls orcanettine dissolves easily cold in the linseed oil and the spirits of turpentine. Its beautiful red color sharp is used in cabinet work.

Rai de cœur : Very used ornament in decorative arts under Louis XVI composed of florets, of water sheet, spearheads, whose succession evokes the form of the hurt.

Régulateur : (Regulator) Clock of precision, the regulator, in the beginning, is reservé with the only use of the clock and watch maker, with whom it was used as standard for the adjustment of the clocks intended for marketing. As of XVIIIè century, regulators are built for broader customers.

Régule : (Control) Resistant and stainless alloy containing lead, invented about 1835 in England, which often replaced bronze as well for the artistic oeuvres as for certain usual objects, because of its cost price relatively low.

Rinceau : Decorative reason composed of regularly rolled up flowered stems, following one another in meanders. The rinceau decorates sometimes ribbons, cherubs, figures, pearls, vases, will mascarons.

Rocou : It acts of one of the dyes used for the joinery wood. One makes it infuse in ebullient water, where it gives an orange yellow color. It is sold in the form of pasty extract which one slightly dilutes in water. It gives to the oak a red colour brown. Its mixture with the nut husk makes it possible to obtain very hot colours. This dyeing has a very strong odor.

Ronce : (Bramble) Left wood very venous crossed on the level of the roots or the departure of the branches, which allows certain decorative effects.

Ruban : (Ribbon) Decorative reason, painted, carved, inlaid, imitating the rolled up ribbon. Often employed at the time Louis XVI, the n?uds of ribbon are reproduced on the falls, on furniture, the woodworks...

Rudentée : (Cabled) Says itself of a groove in hollow of which the lower part contains a stick in light relief appearing a rose tree. These decorative reasons, also placed on sides cut of convenient or secretaries, are characteristic of the neo-classic style, about 1770-1780.

Savonarole : Sit Italian mobile of the end of XVè century, thus called because of its appearance at the time of G Savonarola, Dominican illuminated which controlled Florence of 1494 to 1498. Its structure comprises eight bars with the parallel curves while base is composed of a wood plate.

Scabelle : Small bench in a place appeared in second half of XVè century, of which the two side feet are formed simple boards.

Scagliola : Composite Pierre who takes, when it is encrusted, the aspect of the hard stone. These stones are obtained using a mixture made up of lime, gypsum, marble powder, plaster, of sand, amalgamated with water and adhesive, and added with dyes. The pastes thus obtained become extremely hard while drying and are polished admirably like the genuine hard stones, which they imitate to mistake there.

Scriban ou Scribanne : Secretary with inclined flap, surmounted by a glazed library. It comprises at the superimposed base three or four drawers.

Secrétaire : (Secretary) Piece of furniture with drawers and racks comprising a surface to write.

Secrétaire à abattant : (Secretary with flap) Of vertical structure and comprising a pivoting plate which, in horizontal position is used as table to write, the secretary discovers several drawers and racks.

Secrétaire à cylindre : (Secretary with cylinder) Piece of furniture with drawers whose top is closed by a lid of cylindrical form.

Secrétaire en pente : (Inclined secretary) Piece of furniture with drawers whose lid is tilted.

Sellette : (Bolster) From XVIIIè century, one calls bolster a support fixed on a foot or a tripod to present decorative oeuvres, ceramics or sculptures.

Semainier : Storage unit appeared under Louis XVI and comprising seven superimposed drawers, for each day of the week, in a frame all in height surmounted of a marble.

Servante : (Maidservant) Count with several round, square or rectangular plates superimposed, appeared under Louis XV. One placed on the maidservant the crockery of replacement or the dishes prepared, which made it possible to the guests to serve themselves without having recourse to the servants .

Société de ventes volontaires (SVV) : (Company of voluntary sales) The voluntary sales, resulting from the free decision of a person to sell whole or part of her movable goods, must be directed by commercial companies of private law - held by a person, associates or shareholders , approved by the Council of the voluntary sales and having at least a leader, associated or paid titular of the diploma for the occupation of appraiser.

Sofa : Settee with low file which is prolonged by arm-rests with full cheeks, in vogue at the end of XVIIIè century. Its name comes from the passion for the Eastern modes.

Somno : Only one, square or cylindrical form, night table appeared at the beginning of XIXè century holding and resting on a base being useful of piétement. The most current somnos have the aspect of a cylinder of mahogany tree covered with a marble

Sultane : (Sultana) Broad seat of XVIIIè century, formant settee of living room with two symmetrical bedsides often in stick.

Table à volets : (Count with shutters) Piece of furniture whose useful plan comprises shutters being able to fold back itself vertically.